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Daily evidence update

Daily microbiome literature · 29 September 2026

Today's literature: 56 papers; 0 primary human interventions.

4 animal and in-vitro studies read, not shown.

Microbiome-modifying supplementation and cognition

A systematic review and meta-analysis included 14 studies in adults aged 60 years or older: 13 trials, all randomized and controlled, and one interventional study of probiotic, prebiotic or synbiotic supplementation. A subgroup meta-analysis found a mean difference of 1.28 points in global cognition scores (95% CI 0.15–2.40; p < 0.05). The abstract did not report the subgroup study count, total participant count, supplementation doses or intervention durations.

Probiotics and neonatal physiological jaundice

A systematic review and meta-analysis included 19 trials, all randomized and controlled, of probiotics in term and late-preterm neonates at 35 gestational weeks or later. Prophylactic probiotics were associated with less need for phototherapy (a 0.60-fold odds ratio; 95% CI 0.37–0.96). As an adjunct to phototherapy, probiotics were associated with a mean bilirubin level 1.61 points lower (95% CI −3.10 to −0.11), phototherapy shorter by about five hours and hospitalization shorter by 0.3 days. Doses and treatment durations were not reported in the abstract.